CaptureWindows,CaptureForm,CaptureClient,etc...

' CreateBitmapPicture
' - Creates a bitmap type Picture object from a bitmap and palette
'
' hBmp
' - Handle to a bitmap
'
' hPal
' - Handle to a Palette
' - Can be null if the bitmap doesn't use a palette
'
' Returns
' - Returns a Picture object containing the bitmap
#If Win32 Then
Public Function CreateBitmapPicture(ByVal hBmp As Long, _
ByVal hPal As Long) As Picture
Dim r As Long

#ElseIf Win16 Then
Public Function CreateBitmapPicture(ByVal hBmp As Integer, _
ByVal hPal As Integer) As Picture
Dim r As Integer

#End If
Dim Pic As PicBmp
' IPicture requires a reference to "Standard OLE Types"
Dim IPic As IPicture
Dim IID_IDispatch As GUID
' Fill in with IDispatch Interface ID
With IID_IDispatch
.Data1 = &H20400
.Data4(0) = &HC0
.Data4(7) = &H46
End With
' Fill Pic with necessary parts
With Pic
.Size = Len(Pic) ' Length of structure
.Type = vbPicTypeBitmap ' Type of Picture (bitmap)
.hBmp = hBmp ' Handle to bitmap
.hPal = hPal ' Handle to palette (may be null)
End With
' Create Picture object
r = OleCreatePictureIndirect(Pic, IID_IDispatch, 1, IPic)
' Return the new Picture object
Set CreateBitmapPicture = IPic

End Function


' CaptureWindow
' - Captures any portion of a window
'
' hWndSrc
' - Handle to the window to be captured
'
' Client
' - If True CaptureWindow captures from the client area of the window
' - If False CaptureWindow captures from the entire window
'
' LeftSrc, TopSrc, WidthSrc, HeightSrc
' - Specify the portion of the window to capture
' - Dimensions need to be specified in pixels
'
' Returns
' - Returns a Picture object containing a bitmap of the specified
' portion of the window that was captured
#If Win32 Then
Public Function CaptureWindow(ByVal hWndSrc As Long, _
ByVal Client As Boolean, ByVal LeftSrc As Long, _
ByVal TopSrc As Long, ByVal WidthSrc As Long, _
ByVal HeightSrc As Long) As Picture
Dim hDCMemory As Long
Dim hBmp As Long
Dim hBmpPrev As Long
Dim r As Long
Dim hDCSrc As Long
Dim hPal As Long
Dim hPalPrev As Long
Dim RasterCapsScrn As Long
Dim HasPaletteScrn As Long
Dim PaletteSizeScrn As Long

#ElseIf Win16 Then
Public Function CaptureWindow(ByVal hWndSrc As Integer, _
ByVal Client As Boolean, ByVal LeftSrc As Integer, _
ByVal TopSrc As Integer, ByVal WidthSrc As Long, _
ByVal HeightSrc As Long) As Picture
Dim hDCMemory As Integer
Dim hBmp As Integer
Dim hBmpPrev As Integer
Dim r As Integer
Dim hDCSrc As Integer
Dim hPal As Integer
Dim hPalPrev As Integer
Dim RasterCapsScrn As Integer
Dim HasPaletteScrn As Integer
Dim PaletteSizeScrn As Integer

#End If
Dim LogPal As LOGPALETTE
' Depending on the value of Client get the proper device context
If Client Then
hDCSrc = GetDC(hWndSrc) ' Get device context for client area
Else
hDCSrc = GetWindowDC(hWndSrc) ' Get device context for entire window
End If
' Create a memory device context for the copy process
hDCMemory = CreateCompatibleDC(hDCSrc)
' Create a bitmap and place it in the memory DC
hBmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hDCSrc, WidthSrc, HeightSrc)
hBmpPrev = SelectObject(hDCMemory, hBmp)
' Get screen properties
RasterCapsScrn = GetDeviceCaps(hDCSrc, RASTERCAPS) ' Raster capabilities
HasPaletteScrn = RasterCapsScrn And RC_PALETTE ' Palette support
PaletteSizeScrn = GetDeviceCaps(hDCSrc, SIZEPALETTE) ' Size of palette
' If the screen has a palette make a copy and realize it
If HasPaletteScrn And (PaletteSizeScrn = 256) Then
' Create a copy of the system palette
LogPal.palVersion = &H300
LogPal.palNumEntries = 256
r = GetSystemPaletteEntries(hDCSrc, 0, 256, LogPal.palPalEntry(0))
hPal = CreatePalette(LogPal)
' Select the new palette into the memory DC and realize it
hPalPrev = SelectPalette(hDCMemory, hPal, 0)
r = RealizePalette(hDCMemory)
End If
' Copy the on-screen image into the memory DC
r = BitBlt(hDCMemory, 0, 0, WidthSrc, HeightSrc, hDCSrc, _
LeftSrc, TopSrc, vbSrcCopy)
' Remove the new copy of the the on-screen image
hBmp = SelectObject(hDCMemory, hBmpPrev)
' If the screen has a palette get back the palette that was selected
' in previously
If HasPaletteScrn And (PaletteSizeScrn = 256) Then
hPal = SelectPalette(hDCMemory, hPalPrev, 0)
End If
' Release the device context resources back to the system
r = DeleteDC(hDCMemory)
r = ReleaseDC(hWndSrc, hDCSrc)
' Call CreateBitmapPicture to create a picture object from the bitmap
' and palette handles. Then return the resulting picture object.
Set CaptureWindow = CreateBitmapPicture(hBmp, hPal)

End Function


' CaptureScreen
' - Captures the entire screen
'
' Returns
' - Returns a Picture object containing a bitmap of the screen
Public Function CaptureScreen() As Picture
#If Win32 Then
Dim hWndScreen As Long
#ElseIf Win16 Then
Dim hWndScreen As Integer
#End If
' Get a handle to the desktop window
hWndScreen = GetDesktopWindow()
' Call CaptureWindow to capture the entire desktop give the handle and
' return the resulting Picture object
Set CaptureScreen = CaptureWindow(hWndScreen, False, 0, 0, _
Screen.Width \ Screen.TwipsPerPixelX, _
Screen.Height \ Screen.TwipsPerPixelY)

End Function


' CaptureForm
' - Captures an entire form including title bar and border
'
' frmSrc
' - The Form object to capture
' Returns
' - Returns a Picture object containing a bitmap of the entire form
Public Function CaptureForm(frmSrc As Form) As Picture
' Call CaptureWindow to capture the entire form given it's window
' handle and then return the resulting Picture object
Set CaptureForm = CaptureWindow(frmSrc.hWnd, False, 0, 0, _
frmSrc.ScaleX(frmSrc.Width, vbTwips, vbPixels), _
frmSrc.ScaleY(frmSrc.Height, vbTwips, vbPixels))

End Function


' CaptureClient
' - Captures the client area of a form
'
' frmSrc
' - The Form object to capture
'
' Returns
' - Returns a Picture object containing a bitmap of the form's client
' area
Public Function CaptureClient(frmSrc As Form) As Picture
' Call CaptureWindow to capture the client area of the form given it's
' window handle and return the resulting Picture object
Set CaptureClient = CaptureWindow(frmSrc.hWnd, True, 0, 0, _
frmSrc.ScaleX(frmSrc.ScaleWidth, frmSrc.ScaleMode, vbPixels), _
frmSrc.ScaleY(frmSrc.ScaleHeight, frmSrc.ScaleMode, vbPixels))

End Function


' CaptureActiveWindow
' - Captures the currently active window on the screen
'
' Returns
' - Returns a Picture object containing a bitmap of the active window
Public Function CaptureActiveWindow() As Picture
#If Win32 Then
Dim hWndActive As Long
Dim r As Long
#ElseIf Win16 Then
Dim hWndActive As Integer
Dim r As Integer
#End If
Dim RectActive As RECT
' Get a handle to the active/foreground window
hWndActive = GetForegroundWindow()
' Get the dimensions of the window
r = GetWindowRect(hWndActive, RectActive)
' Call CaptureWindow to capture the active window given it's handle and
' return the Resulting Picture object
Set CaptureActiveWindow = CaptureWindow(hWndActive, False, 0, 0, _
RectActive.Right - RectActive.Left, _
RectActive.Bottom - RectActive.Top)

End Function


' PrintPictureToFitPage
' - Prints a Picture object as big as possible
'
' Prn
' - Destination Printer object
'
' Pic
' - Source Picture object
Public Sub PrintPictureToFitPage(Prn As Printer, Pic As Picture)
Const vbHiMetric As Integer = 8
Dim PicRatio As Double
Dim PrnWidth As Double
Dim PrnHeight As Double
Dim PrnRatio As Double
Dim PrnPicWidth As Double
Dim PrnPicHeight As Double
' Determine if picture should be printed in landscape or portrait and
' set the orientation
If Pic.Height >= Pic.Width Then
Prn.Orientation = vbPRORPortrait ' Taller than wide
Else
Prn.Orientation = vbPRORLandscape ' Wider than tall
End If
' Calculate device independent Width to Height ratio for picture
PicRatio = Pic.Width / Pic.Height
' Calculate the dimentions of the printable area in HiMetric
PrnWidth = Prn.ScaleX(Prn.ScaleWidth, Prn.ScaleMode, vbHiMetric)
PrnHeight = Prn.ScaleY(Prn.ScaleHeight, Prn.ScaleMode, vbHiMetric)
' Calculate device independent Width to Height ratio for printer
PrnRatio = PrnWidth / PrnHeight
' Scale the output to the printable area
If PicRatio >= PrnRatio Then
' Scale picture to fit full width of printable area
PrnPicWidth = Prn.ScaleX(PrnWidth, vbHiMetric, Prn.ScaleMode)
PrnPicHeight = Prn.ScaleY(PrnWidth / PicRatio, vbHiMetric, _
Prn.ScaleMode)
Else
' Scale picture to fit full height of printable area
PrnPicHeight = Prn.ScaleY(PrnHeight, vbHiMetric, Prn.ScaleMode)
PrnPicWidth = Prn.ScaleX(PrnHeight * PicRatio, vbHiMetric, _
Prn.ScaleMode)
End If
' Print the picture using the PaintPicture method
Prn.PaintPicture Pic, 0, 0, PrnPicWidth, PrnPicHeight

End Sub

<p><font face="Verdana">For example, you could say <br>
<br>
int examplearray[100]; //This declares an array</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">This would make an integer array with 100 slots, or
places to store values. The only difficult thing is that it starts off with the
first index-number, that is, the number that you put in the brackets to access a
certain element, is zero, not one!</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Think about arrays like this:
[][][][][][] Each of the slots is a slot in the array, and you can put
information into each one of them. It is like a group of variables side by side
almost.</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; What can you do with this
simple knowledge? Lets say you want to store a string, since C++ has no built-in
datatype for strings, in DOS, you can make an array of characters.</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">For example:</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">char astring[100];</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Will allow you to declare a
char array of 100 elements, or slots. Then you could get it from the user, and
if the user types in a long string, it will all go in the array. The neat thing
is that it is very easy to work with strings in this way, and there is even a
header file called STRING.H. I will have a lesson in the future on the functions
in string.h, but for now, lets concentrate on arrays.&nbsp; The most useful
aspect of arrays is multidimensional arrays.</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">For example:</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">int twodimensionalarray[8][8];</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">Think about multidimensional arrays:</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">[][][][][]</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">[][][][][]</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">[][][][][]</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">[][][][][]</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">[][][][][]</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">This is a graphic of what a two-dimensional array looks
like when I visualize it.</font></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><font face="Verdana">declares an array that has two dimensions. Think of it
as a chessboard. You can easily use this to store information about some kind of
game, or write something like tic-tac-toe. To access it, all you need are two
variables, one that goes in the first slot, one that goes in the slot. You can
even make a three dimensional array, though you probably won't need to. In fact,
you could make a four-hundred dimensional array. It is just is very confusing to
visualize.</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Now, arrays are basically
treated like any other variable. You can modify one value in it by&nbsp;putting:</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">arrayname[arrayindexnumber]=whatever;</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">You will find lots of useful things to do with arrays,
from store information about certain things under one name, to making games like
tic-tac-toe. One little tip I have is that you use for loops to access arrays.
It is easy:</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">#include &lt;iostream.h&gt;</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">void main()</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">{<br>
int x, y, anarray[8][8];//declares an array like a chessboard<br>
for(x=0; x&lt;8; x++)</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">{</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">for(y=0; y&lt;8; y++)</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">{</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">anarray[x][y]=0;//sets all members to zero once loops is
done</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">}</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">}</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">for(x=0; x&lt;8;x++)</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">{</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">for(y=0; y&lt;8; y++)</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">{</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">cout&lt;&lt;&quot;anarray[&quot;&lt;&lt;x&lt;&lt;&quot;][&quot;&lt;&lt;y&lt;&lt;&quot;]=&quot;&lt;&lt;anarray[x][y]&lt;&lt;&quot;
&quot;;//you'll see</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">}</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">}</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">}</font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">Here you see that the loops work well because they
increment the variable for you, and you only need to increment by one. It is
simple, and you access the entire array, would you want to use while loops?</font></p>
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